Depression is common in youth with ASD, particularly for adolescents and those individuals with average or greater cognitive ability. Depression is associated with several negative outcomes, including functional impairments beyond those associated with autism itself and significant burden on the family system.
Depression and autism can co-occur at high rates. Depression is more common in autistic people than in non-autistic people. Symptoms of depression can sometimes look different in autistic people compared to non-autistic people. There are several treatment and support options available for depression.
The DSM-5 introduced three ASD levels of severity: level 1 (“requiring support”), level 2 (“requiring substantial support”), and level 3 (“requiring very substantial support”). The full-text of the DSM-5 severity levels for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is provided below with permission from the APA.
Main signs of autism
finding it hard to make friends or preferring to be on your own. seeming blunt, rude or not interested in others without meaning to. finding it hard to say how you feel. taking things very literally – for example, you may not understand sarcasm or phrases like "break a leg"
Impact on Life Expectancy
Research indicates that individuals with autism have a decreased life expectancy compared to the general population. The average life expectancy for some individuals with autism is around 39 years, which is approximately 20 years earlier than individuals without autism [4].
An autistic adult may express this loss of control by crying, screaming or physically lashing out. Or they may lock themself in a room, run away or shut down, even lose basic skills like their ability to speak. For some, meltdowns can reach crisis levels and include self-harm and suicidal ideation.
You may be offered medication, such as anti-depressants. Although guidelines consider antidepressants are generally useful and safe, there is very little research into whether they help treat depression specifically in autistic people.
In conclusion, while the communication challenges in Level 3 Autism can be significant, they are not insurmountable. With the right tools, methodologies, and support, individuals with Level 3 Autism can find ways to express themselves and engage with the world around them.
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