Alloimmunization

Alloimmunisationoccurs when a patient is exposed to foreign antigens as a result of blood transfusion, pregnancy or tissue transplant and their body mounts an immune response.

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What is the meaning of alloimmunization?

Alloimmunisation occurs when a patient is exposed to foreign antigens as a result of blood transfusion, pregnancy or tissue transplant and their body mounts an immune response.

What is the difference between alloimmunization and isoimmunization?

Alloimmunization is defined as an immune response to foreign antigens after exposure to genetically different cells or tissues.

What does alloimmunization mean in pregnancy?

So, a blood banker might describe hemolytic disease of the fetus/newborn as resulting from maternal “alloimmunization” to paternal antigens, while a neonatologist might describe the same interaction as “isoimmunization.” No biggie, just different terms for the same process.

What is an example of Alloimmunity?

When the body is exposed to red blood cells that are different from our body's healthy tissues, an antibody is created. If a pregnant woman's body produces antibodies against her baby's red blood cells, this condition is known as red blood cell alloimmunization.

What is an example of an alloantigen?

Alloimmunity is a type of immunity that produces an immune response against antigens from members of the same species. An example of this is when the body attacks transplanted tissues resulting in graft rejection.

What is the difference between alloimmune and autoimmune?

An alloantigen is defined as an antigen that plays a role in an animal's self-recognition system, with common examples including the major histocompatibility complex and red blood cells.

Why is alloimmunization bad?

Alloimmune (isoimmune) response results in graft rejection, which is manifested as deterioration or complete loss of graft function. In contrast, autoimmunity is an immune response to the self's own antigens. (The allo- prefix means "other", whereas the auto- prefix means "self".)

What is the pathophysiology of alloimmunization?

Depending on the degree of antigenicity and the amount and type of antibodies involved, this transplacental passage may lead to hemolytic disease in the fetus and neonate. Undiagnosed and untreated, alloimmunization can lead to significant perinatal morbidity and mortality.

What is isoimmunization?

Introduction: Alloimmunization is caused by exposure to erythrocytes from a donor that expresses blood group antigens other than those of the recipient and is related to processes that alter the balance of the immune system.

How to prevent alloimmunization?

Isoimmunization (Sometimes called Rh sensitization, hemolytic disease of the fetus, Rh incompatibility) What is isoimmunization? A condition that happens when a pregnant woman's blood protein is incompatible with the baby's, causing her immune system to react and destroy the baby's blood cells.

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