Endometrial hyperplasia is a precancerous condition in which there is an irregular thickening of the uterine lining. This may cause uncomfortable symptoms for women, including heavy menstrual periods, postmenopausal bleeding, and anemia due to the excess bleeding.
In many cases, endometrial hyperplasia can be treated with progestin. Progestin is given orally, in a shot, in an intrauterine device (IUD), or as a vaginal cream. How much and how long you take it depends on your age and the type of hyperplasia. Treatment with progestin may cause vaginal bleeding like a period.
Simple or complex endometrial hyperplasia (without atypia): This type of endometrial hyperplasia has normal-looking cells that aren't likely to become cancerous (“without atypia” means less likely to become cancer). This condition may improve without treatment or your provider may recommend treatment with hormones.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there are four categories of endometrial hyperplasia: (i) simple hyperplasia, (ii) simple hyperplasia with atypia, (iii) complex hyperplasia, and (iv) complex hyperplasia with atypia.
Endometrial hyperplasia without atypia
This means that there are some early changes to the cells in the lining of your womb. If left untreated, this has up to a 5% risk of progression to cancer over 20 years.
In women with endometrial hyperplasia, cells that amass in the uterine lining are abnormal and may, over time, become cancerous. For this reason, women with heavy periods and other symptoms of endometrial hyperplasia should not wait to seek diagnosis and treatment.
Endometrial hyperplasia cannot be completely prevented, but the risk can be lowered by: Maintaining a healthy weight. Taking regular progesterone, if taking oestrogen for the menopause or any other condition. Taking a birth control pill or another medicine to regulate the menstrual cycle.
Menstrual Regularity: Stress can contribute to irregular menstrual cycles, affecting the timing and thickness of the endometrium. Incorporating stress reduction practices into one's routine may contribute to more regular menstrual cycles, promoting the overall health of the endometrium.
In our study, among women 18–90 years the overall incidence of endometrial hyperplasia was 133 per 100,000 woman-years, was most common in women ages 50–54, and was rarely observed in women under 30.
Women with atypical hyperplasia should undergo a total hysterectomy because of the risk of underlying malignancy or progression to cancer. A laparoscopic approach to total hysterectomy is preferable to an abdominal approach as it is associated with a shorter hospital stay, less postoperative pain and quicker recovery.
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